Models that are used to evaluate mission fluences and doses. Of the Earth's trapped radiation belts and of the engineering This text presents a brief review of the main characteristics Modelling efforts in order to develop new standard models. It is therefore vital to co-ordinate future Such models are nowīecoming available, but they are limited in spatial or temporalĬoverage, and no global, dynamic, trapped radiation belt model Important than previously thought, and to require more complex Spatial andĮspecially temporal variations were shown to be much more Static environment described by the old models. Trapped particle radiation environment is much more complex than the Trapped proton and electron populations, culminating in the NASAĪP-8 and AE-8 models which have been the de facto standards Consequently,Ĭonsiderable effort was invested in building models of the The Earth's trapped particle radiation belts were discovered at theīeginning of the space age and were immediately recognised as aĬonsiderable hazard to space missions. Table of contents 1 Introduction 2 The Earth's trapped particle radiation environment 2.1 The concept of trapped particle radiation 2.2 The trapped proton population 2.3 The trapped electron population 2.4 Dynamics of the trapped particle population 2.4.1 Solar cycle effects 2.4.2 Secular changes in the geomagnetic field 2.4.3 Low altitude trapped proton anisotropy 2.4.4 Magnetospheric conditions 3 Effects of trapped particle radiation on spacecraft and components 4 Shortcomings of present day radiation belt models 5 Implementation in SPENVIS 5.1 The NASA models AP-8 and AE-8 5.2 The AFRL models CRRESPRO and CRRESELE 5.3 SAMPEX/PET Low altitude proton model 5.4 Update of he NASA AE-8 MIN model 5.5 The ONERA models POLE V1, V2 and IGE-2006 5.6 The AP-9 and AE-9 models 5.6 The SRREM models References 1 Introduction Background: Trapped particle radiation models Table of Contents
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